The haploinsufficeincy of the Short stature homeobox-containing (SHOX) gene represents the most common monogenic cause of idiopathic short stature. Severity of the clinical manifestations associating with heterozygous
SHOX gene alterations vary significantly, with the mildest presenting short stature to Leri-Weill Dyschondrosteosis, and for homozygous mutation carriers to Langer dysplasia. Bone malformations occurring in Turner syndrome are also
related to SHOX deficiency. Clinical presentation of SHOX deficiency shows gender difference, in girls more severe phenotype can be seen. More than 20 years of research confirm that SHOX, as an universal transcription factor
integrates the signaling pathways involved in the regulation of development and growth of skeletal system. The transcription and translation of SHOX gene are tightly regulated. The current review summarizes the clinical
manifestations associating with SHOX deficiency and the pathomechanisms found in SHOX deficiency.

The negative correlation between Caesarean section and early, and exclusive or any breastfeeding at 6 months of age are well known. In the absence of breast milk the baby faces numerous short and long term health risks. Today, together
with the c-section related psychological problems, this is an alarming world health problem. The negative effects are mostly correlated with the disturbed early skin-t-skin contact, and the family’s dissatisfactory birth experience. This
recognition lead to the need of providing immediate skin-to-skin contact and positive birth experience for the whole family in the operating room, without compromising sterility and safety. We have been carrying out natural C-sections
in our hospital since 2015. According to our experience it’s safe, does not require extra time, does not compromise sterility, and we have not observed complications that could be related to the procedure. On the other hand it has a
definitive positive effect on parenteral satisfaction, and the initiation of breastfeeding. The success of spreading the new practice hugely depends on educating and motivating the multidisciplinary team. One needs to analyse and
redesign each part of the procedure in focus groups, and register the changes in local guidelines. Counselling the to -be -parents before delivery is also one of the key points of a successful natural C-section.

Background: The traditional treatment of benign bone lesions (tumor like lesions) in children is the radical removal of the lesion and homologous bone grafting (spongiosaplasty) to reconstruct the bone residual cavity. The aim of our study was to overview the treatment results of 11 children with benign bone tumor who underwent homologous spongiosaplasty in our department between january 2006 and december 2011.
Patients and methods: In 10 cases the lesions were revealed by a trauma, and in the one remaining case the tumor was discovered by the radiologic evaulation of intermittent bone pain. On the follow-up period (average 70,8 months) the radiograph showed complete bone remodelling by 7 patients, bone cyst recurrence in 3 patients, but two of them underwent redo spongiosaplasty with good results.
Conclusion: Based on the results of our medium-term study, the homologous bone grafting of bening childhood bone tumors turned out to be effective, safe and cost-efficient.

Aims: Childhood mental disorders have a negative effect of the development in several ways. In this article, we aim to introduce a school based, universal, adolescent prevention program.
Methods: The Youth Aware of Mental Health Program (YAM) was developed during the Saving and Empowering Young Lives in Europe study, which is large-scale, multicountry, randomized controlled trial, including altogether 12 395
European (1009 Hungarian) adolescents.
Results: YAM was more effective in reducing the number of suicide attempts and severe suicidal ideation in adolescents compared to the control group at the 12 month follow-up.
Conclusions: The results underline the benefits of introducing YAM to schools.

Introduction .The psychosomatic and behavioural disorders of infants and toddlers are called regulation disorders.
Case reports In our first case the 4 month-old baby was brought to our hospital because of feeding problem and danger of exsiccation. It lightend up, that they had feeding difficulties since his birth. Moreover he had recurrent stomatitis
since the child was 6 weeks old.
In our second case the 3 week-old baby was admitted to our department because of somnolence. We couldn’t find any organic reasons. During our observation we saw he made frequently sleeping clonus with his arms and legs.
Conclusion. Pediatricians meet often first with the symptoms of regulation disorders. We consider the importance to recognize them in time. Treating them together with the organic problems seems to be the most effective in a team.

In our paper we present the case of a boy diagnosed with cystic fibrosis in infancy, who presented with the signs of diabetes mellitus at the age of 6 years. As cystic fibrosis-related diabetes is the most common longterm complication of cystic fibrosis this was the first emerging diagnosis in out case as well. But the young age of the patient, the rapidly increasing insulin-requirement and the further laboratory results support rather the diagnosis of Type 1 diabetes.
According to the international guidelines we summarize the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and therapy of cystic fibrosis-related diabetes, which occurs rarely in childhood, emphasizing the importance of the early screening.

Introduction: Epidural hematoma in infancy is often difficult to diagnose because of the nonspecific presentation in this age group. In most cases it is a life threatening condition that requires immediate surgical intervention.
Case report: A 10-month old boy was admitted with a history of a minor head injury 2 days before, he presented with lethargy, swelling of the left eyelid, and vomiting. There were no focal neurologic abnormalities. Head CT was obtained because of worsening somnolence, it showed the presence of acute epidural hematoma.
Conclusion: In infants severe intracranial complications can present and must be taken into account even days after the head trauma, after excluding other possible causes (intoxication, infection). The long symptom-free interval can be explained with the rupture of a relatively small vessel and the special neuroanatomy of infancy.

Munchausen syndrome by proxy (MsbP) is child physical abuse of an unusual shape.We can talk about it when an adult caregiver (usually the mother) of the child entrusted to him the disease symptoms found out or cause her illness to make the medical staff or other people’s attention to the child or yourself any victim-taking martyrdom. often medicine, chemicals, infectious agent can use this order to change the material sent to the laboratory, sometimes systematically abused the child, although this is secondary to the benefits (eg. increased amount of child benefit) is not running.
Extremely varied symptoms that because the abuser and parents are very worried and conscientious seems serious diagnostic problem. The national literature is only a limited number of MSbP about communication, it is important we presented our case.