Bile acids with steroid rings are responsible for emulsification, digestion and absorption of lipids. Ursodeoxicholic (UDCA) is the minor component of human bile acids depicting extensive utilization in the therapy. Among others:
hepatic and biliary cholestasis, cystic fibrosis, liver damage caused by alcohol, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cholesterol gallstones, chronic hepatitis with high level of transaminases, biliary atresia, drug induced hepatitis, primery sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), parenteral nutrition associated liver disease, heritable diseases with hyperbilirubinemia and cholestasis can be treated with UDCA. Treatment of UDCA in pediatric patients is safe, effective, well tolerated and having only few side effects.

West syndrome is a rare epyleptic encephalopathy in infants. There is no optimal and standardized treatment in the literature.
We studied children with West syndrome treated in the Neurology Department of Bethesda Children’s Hospital between 2013-2015. The idiopathic cases responded well to vigabatrin therapy, we achieved good seizure controll
and cognitive outcome. Most of the symptomatic cases only responded to ACTH therapy. The treatment strategy we earlier used sometimes caused a weekly or even mounthly delay with the appropriate ACTH therapy for the symptomatic cases.
The aim of our study was to consider and optimalize the treatment of West syndrome and to create a treatment protocoll for these patients.

Aim of the study: To present the working method and results of the Early Childhood Eating and Sleeping Disorders Clinic.
Methods: The Clinic is attended by children aged 0 to 3 years old struggling with eating or sleeping difficulties. Our working approach is based on the biopsychosocial model. We have developed a guideline that directs the
multidisciplinary team work.
Results: In the first five months, 108 infants attended the Clinic. 82 of them presented with eating problems exclusively, 9 had both eating and sleeping difficulties, 14 had only sleeping disorder. One patient had behavior problems, 2 was admitted for constipation.
Conclusion: Early childhood eating and sleeping problems often require multidisciplinary approach.

The prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents is increasing worldwide, which condition is a risk factor for cardiovascular mortality. Aim of this study was to assess the prevalence in Szolnok city in 3-18 years old population. 6.824 (54% boys) healthy subjects were included, overweight and obesity were defined by the relevant guidelines. 13.4% of the population were overweight and 6.6% were obese. The total prevalence was higher in boys (21.6%), than in girls (18.1%). The peak of the prevalence was observed at the age of 10 in both gender (boys 33%, girls 27%) followed by a gradual decrease, which was more expressed in girls. According to the recent Hungarian data we have not detected a any changes in the age group of 3-9 years, while a decrease in the age group of 7-14 years.
Prevention targeting overweight and obesity in early childhood is essential.

Although ischaemic stroke is not common in childhood, it is still a very significant mortality and morbidity factor. Even though the signs and symptomes are the same as in adults, there is still a very significant delay in recognising and treating it among the paediatric population. There are much smaller number of cases compared to adults, thus we don’t have a standardized guideline how to treat paediatric ischaemic stroke in the hyperacute phase. Theese guidelines however do exist in adult medicine, and could be used as a guidance in paediatric cases. The most important would be
the early recognition of the problem. This would allow us to immidiately transfer these patients into a tercier centre, where the most approppriate care could be started as soon as possible. This could significantly decrease the risk of long term neurological deficit.

Background:Despite current therapy, meningitis purulenta remains a life threatening disease.
Case report: A male infant at the age of four and a half weeks with uneventful birth and past medical history was admitted to our Intensive Care Unit in a complete unconscious state with both eyes swollen. It proved to be
Staphylococcus aureus meningo-encephalitis resulting in septicaemia and consecutive ischemic stroke. Haematogen spreading caused peri-, and retrobulbar, followed by perianal-, periscrotal abscesses and endophthalmitis. No inherited or acquired immunodeficiency could have been proven. Despite the complex intensive care- and ophtalmological-, surgical-, neurosurgical therapy, the patient has died.
Conclusion: Endogenous endophthalmitis is not a rare complication of neonatal sepsis, it is likely to happen at definite risk factors. The intraocular infection affecting the inner coats of the eye is associated with excellent blood flow of this area and is a result of haematogenous spread of microorganisms from distant foci. In some particular cases needing complex intensive care, early, aimed, broad spectrum antimicrobial therapy is not sufficient and intravitreal injection or vitrectomy could be necessary.

Introduction. During the treatment of infants’ feeding disorders, besides the organic diseases, we have to take non-organic causes into consideration while using parent-infant consultations as an efficient therapy method.
Case study. In the background of a five-month-old infant having a failure to thrive, started at six week of age, was cow’s milk protein allergy. The main symptoms included the loss of appetite, prolonged breastfeeding periods without efficient sucking, escalating spilling and finally the severe rejection of feeding. After treating the organic disease, she still could not be fed properly oral, that is why we had to insert a nasogastric tube while completing her feeding.
Regarding the functional background of the symptoms we held parent-infant consultations and a physiotherapist also helped us treating her muscular hypotonia. Gradually raising her oral intake, we could remove the nasogastric tube after two months.
Conclusion. Handling the feeding disorders through the work of the „nutrition therapy team” is the part of the holistic, multidisciplinary view.

Intussusception is an extremely rare disorder in neonates. In preterm infants clinical features of intussusception and necrotizing enterocolitis appear to be very similar, delaying correct diagnosis. The treatment of each condition is
different. Necrotizing enterocolitis can be cured conservatively in most of the cases, while intussusception requires early surgical intervention to prevent bowel necrosis. Hereby we present the history of a preterm male neonate, who
developed abdominal distension and feeding intolerance. Until the deterioration in his general condition, he received conservative treatment in accordance with necrotizing enterocolitis. Abdominal radiography suggested small bowel
obstruction. The neonate was taken for urgent surgery. The intraoperative findings were jejuno-jejunal intussusception. Because of the patient unstable vital signs requires jejunostomy after resection of necrotic bowel segment. After the operation, neither recurrence, nor complication was detected.